Basil, the fragrant king of herbs, is a staple in kitchens and gardens worldwide. Known for its vibrant flavor and aromatic leaves, basil is more than just a garnish for your favorite dishes.
With over 17 unique varieties, each type of basil brings its own distinctive taste, aroma, and color to the table. From the sweet, peppery notes of Genovese Basil, perfect for pesto, to the spicy kick of Thai Basil that elevates any Asian cuisine, these varieties offer endless culinary possibilities.
Whether you’re a seasoned gardener or a budding chef, exploring the diverse world of basil will enrich your culinary adventures and spice up your garden with stunning foliage.
Join me as I delve into these 17 varieties of basil, uncovering their unique characteristics, growing tips, and the myriad ways they can enhance your cooking and gardening experience.
Varieties of Basil
Discover the rich diversity of basil with our comprehensive list, showcasing 17 unique varieties that add distinct flavors and aromas to your culinary creations and gardens.
Holy Basil
Holy Basil, also known as Tulsi, is revered for its medicinal properties and aromatic leaves. It is commonly used in Ayurvedic medicine and religious rituals. The plant has a slightly peppery flavor with clove-like undertones and is known for its numerous health benefits.
Area: Native to India and Southeast Asia.
Hardiness Zones: 10-11 (USDA)
Lifetime: Annual in most climates, but can be perennial in tropical regions.
Light need: Full sun to partial shade.
Time: Plant in spring after the last frost.
Mature plant size: 12-24 inches in height.
Watering need: Regular watering; keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.
Growth habit: Shrub-like.
Use: Culinary uses, medicinal purposes, and religious rituals.
Problems and organic solution: Prone to aphids and spider mites; use neem oil or insecticidal soap for organic control.
Special features: Highly aromatic and considered sacred in Hindu culture.
Thai Basil
Thai Basil is a popular herb in Southeast Asian cuisine, known for its distinct anise and licorice flavor. It adds a unique taste to dishes like pho and Thai curries. The plant has purple stems and small, aromatic leaves.
Area: Native to Southeast Asia.
Hardiness Zones: 9-11 (USDA)
Lifetime: Annual.
Light need: Full sun.
Time: Plant in spring after the last frost.
Mature plant size: 12-18 inches in height.
Watering need: Water regularly; keep the soil moist but well-drained.
Growth habit: Shrub-like.
Use: Culinary uses in dishes such as curries, soups, and salads.
Problems and organic solution: Susceptible to downy mildew and aphids; use proper spacing and neem oil for organic control.
Special features: Distinct anise flavor and attractive purple stems.
Sweet Basil
Sweet Basil is a classic culinary herb widely used in Italian and Mediterranean cuisines. It has large, tender, aromatic leaves with a sweet and slightly peppery flavor, perfect for making pesto and seasoning various dishes.
Area: Native to tropical regions of central Africa and Southeast Asia.
Hardiness Zones: 10-11 (USDA)
Lifetime: Annual.
Light need: Full sun.
Time: Plant in spring after the last frost.
Mature plant size: 18-24 inches in height.
Watering need: Water regularly; keep the soil evenly moist.
Growth habit: Bushy.
Use: Culinary uses in sauces, salads, and pesto.
Problems and organic solution: Prone to aphids, whiteflies, and downy mildew; use insecticidal soap and ensure good air circulation.
Special features: Versatile herb with numerous culinary applications.
Lemon Basil
Lemon Basil is known for its bright, citrusy aroma and flavor, making it a delightful addition to teas, salads, and seafood dishes. Its light green leaves are smaller than those of Sweet Basil.
Area: Native to India and Southeast Asia.
Hardiness Zones: 9-11 (USDA)
Lifetime: Annual.
Light need: Full sun.
Time: Plant in spring after the last frost.
Mature plant size: 12-24 inches in height.
Watering need: Water regularly, keeping the soil moist but well-drained.
Growth habit: Shrub-like.
Use: Culinary uses in teas, salads, and seafood dishes.
Problems and organic solution: Aphids and downy mildew; use neem oil and maintain good air circulation.
Special features: Distinct lemon fragrance and flavor.
Osmin Purple Basil
Osmin Purple Basil is an ornamental variety with deep purple leaves and stems. It has a strong, slightly spicy flavor and is often used both for culinary purposes and as a decorative plant in gardens.
Area: Native to tropical Asia and Africa.
Hardiness Zones: 10-11 (USDA)
Lifetime: Annual.
Light need: Full sun.
Time: Plant in spring after the last frost.
Mature plant size: 18-24 inches in height.
Watering need: Regular watering; keep the soil moist.
Growth habit: Bushy.
Use: Culinary uses, ornamental purposes.
Problems and organic solution: Susceptible to aphids and downy mildew; use insecticidal soap and ensure good air flow.
Special features: Attractive deep purple foliage.
Greek Basil
Greek Basil, also known as “Spicy Globe,” features small, rounded leaves with a robust, spicy flavor. It is a compact variety, perfect for container gardening and small spaces.
Area: Native to Greece and Mediterranean regions.
Hardiness Zones: 10-11 (USDA)
Lifetime: Annual.
Light need: Full sun.
Time: Plant in spring after the last frost.
Mature plant size: 8-12 inches in height.
Watering need: Regular watering; keep the soil evenly moist.
Growth habit: Compact and bushy.
Use: Culinary uses, ideal for garnishing and seasoning.
Problems and organic solution: Aphids and whiteflies; use neem oil and insecticidal soap.
Special features: Compact growth, perfect for containers.
Lettuce Leaf Basil
Lettuce Leaf Basil is distinguished by its large, crinkled leaves resembling lettuce. It has a mild flavor and is perfect for salads, sandwiches, and garnishes.
Area: Native to Southeast Asia.
Hardiness Zones: 10-11 (USDA)
Lifetime: Annual.
Light need: Full sun.
Time: Plant in spring after the last frost.
Mature plant size: 18-24 inches in height.
Watering need: Water regularly, keeping the soil moist but not waterlogged.
Growth habit: Bushy.
Use: Culinary uses in salads, sandwiches, and garnishes.
Problems and organic solution: Aphids and downy mildew; use insecticidal soap and proper spacing for air circulation.
Special features: Large, crinkled leaves.
African Blue Basil
African Blue Basil is a hybrid variety known for its striking purple-green foliage and strong, camphor-like scent. It is often grown for ornamental purposes but also has culinary uses.
Area: Hybrid origin (Africa and Asia).
Hardiness Zones:9-11 (USDA)
Lifetime: Perennial in warm climates.
Light need: Full sun.
Time: Plant in spring after the last frost.
Mature plant size:24-36 inches in height.
Watering need: Regular watering; keep the soil moist but well-drained.
Growth habit: Bushy and tall.
Use: Ornamental and culinary uses.
Problems and organic solution:Aphids and spider mites; use neem oil and ensure good air circulation.
Special features: Beautiful purple-green leaves and strong aroma.
Dark Opal Basil
Dark Opal Basil is an ornamental variety with striking dark purple leaves. It has a slightly spicy flavor and is used both for culinary purposes and as a decorative plant.
Area: Native to tropical regions of Asia and Africa.
Hardiness Zones: 10-11 (USDA)
Lifetime: Annual.
Light need: Full sun.
Time: Plant in spring after the last frost.
Mature plant size: 12-18 inches in height.
Watering need: Water regularly; keep the soil moist but not waterlogged.
Growth habit: Bushy.
Use: Culinary uses, ornamental purposes.
Problems and organic solution: Susceptible to aphids and downy mildew; use insecticidal soap and ensure good air flow.
Special features: Stunning dark purple foliage.
Spicy Globe Basil
Spicy Globe Basil is a compact, mounding variety with small, spicy leaves. It is ideal for container gardening and adds a robust flavor to dishes.
Area: Native to the Mediterranean region.
Hardiness Zones: 10-11 (USDA)
Lifetime: Annual.
Light need: Full sun.
Time: Plant in spring after the last frost.
Mature plant size: 8-12 inches in height.
Watering need: Regular watering; keep the soil evenly moist.
Growth habit: Compact and bushy.
Use: Culinary uses, especially for garnishing and seasoning.
Problems and organic solution: Aphids and whiteflies; use neem oil and insecticidal soap.
Special features: Compact growth, perfect for containers.
Genovese Basil
Genovese Basil is the classic Italian variety known for its large, fragrant leaves and sweet flavor. It is the preferred basil for making traditional pesto.
Area: Native to Italy.
Hardiness Zones: 10-11 (USDA)
Lifetime: Annual.
Light need: Full sun.
Time: Plant in spring after the last frost.
Mature plant size: 18-24 inches in height.
Watering need: Water regularly; keep the soil evenly moist.
Growth habit: Bushy.
Use: Culinary uses, especially in Italian cuisine for pesto, sauces, and salads.
Problems and organic solution: Aphids, whiteflies, and downy mildew; use insecticidal soap and ensure good air circulation.
Special features: Classic basil flavor, ideal for pesto.
Red Rubin Basil
Red Rubin Basil is a striking variety with deep red-purple leaves. It has a slightly spicier flavor than Sweet Basil and is used both for culinary purposes and as a decorative plant.
Area: Native to tropical Asia and Africa.
Hardiness Zones: 10-11 (USDA)
Lifetime: Annual.
Light need: Full sun.
Time: Plant in spring after the last frost.
Mature plant size: 18-24 inches in height.
Watering need: Water regularly; keep the soil moist but not waterlogged.
Growth habit: Bushy.
Use: Culinary uses, ornamental purposes.
Problems and organic solution: Aphids and downy mildew; use insecticidal soap and ensure good air flow.
Special features: Attractive deep red-purple foliage.
Dolce Fresca Basil
Dolce Fresca Basil is a new variety known for its compact growth and sweet flavor. It is perfect for container gardening and has a longer harvest period than many other types.
Area: Hybrid variety developed for home gardens.
Hardiness Zones: 10-11 (USDA)
Lifetime: Annual.
Light need: Full sun.
Time: Plant in spring after the last frost.
Mature plant size: 12-18 inches in height.
Watering need: Regular watering; keep the soil moist but well-drained.
Growth habit: Compact and bushy.
Use: Culinary uses, especially in salads and garnishes.
Problems and organic solution: Aphids and downy mildew; use neem oil and maintain proper spacing for air circulation.
Special features: Compact growth and long harvest period.
Cinnamon Basil
Cinnamon Basil, also known as Mexican Basil, is known for its cinnamon-like scent and flavor. It is often used in teas, baked goods, and as a garnish.
Area: Native to Mexico.
Hardiness Zones: 9-11 (USDA)
Lifetime: Annual.
Light need: Full sun.
Time: Plant in spring after the last frost.
Mature plant size: 18-30 inches in height.
Watering need: Regular watering; keep the soil moist but well-drained.
Growth habit: Bushy.
Use: Culinary uses in teas, baked goods, and garnishes.
Problems and organic solution: Aphids and spider mites; use neem oil and ensure good air flow.
Special features: Distinct cinnamon scent and flavor.
Pesto Perpetuo Basil
Pesto Perpetuo Basil is a variegated variety with green and white leaves. It has a strong, sweet basil flavor and is ideal for making pesto. Unlike other basil varieties, it doesn’t flower, which extends its harvest period.
Area: Hybrid variety developed for extended harvest.
Hardiness Zones: 10-11 (USDA)
Lifetime: Perennial in warm climates, annual in cooler regions.
Light need: Full sun.
Time: Plant in spring after the last frost.
Mature plant size: 24-36 inches in height.
Watering need: Regular watering; keep the soil moist but well-drained.
Growth habit: Upright and bushy.
Use: Culinary uses, especially for making pesto.
Problems and organic solution: Aphids and downy mildew; use neem oil and maintain proper spacing for air circulation.
Special features: Variegated leaves and extended harvest period.
Ocimum Americanum Basil
Ocimum Americanum, also known as American Basil or Hoary Basil, is a lesser-known variety with a lemony fragrance. It is often used in teas, salads, and as an insect repellent.
Area: Native to tropical regions of Africa and Asia.
Hardiness Zones: 10-11 (USDA)
Lifetime: Annual.
Light need: Full sun.
Time: Plant in spring after the last frost.
Mature plant size: 12-18 inches in height.
Watering need: Regular watering; keep the soil moist but not waterlogged.
Growth habit: Bushy.
Use: Culinary uses, teas, insect repellent.
Problems and organic solution: Aphids and whiteflies; use neem oil and insecticidal soap.
Special features:
Lemony fragrance and insect repellent properties.
Italian Large Leaf Basil
Italian Large Leaf Basil is a robust variety known for its large, flavorful leaves. It is commonly used in Italian cuisine, especially in pesto, sauces, and salads.
Area: Native to Italy.
Hardiness Zones: 10-11 (USDA)
Lifetime: Annual.
Light need: Full sun.
Time: Plant in spring after the last frost.
Mature plant size: 18-24 inches in height.
Watering need: Water regularly; keep the soil evenly moist.
Growth habit: Bushy.
Use: Culinary uses, especially in Italian cuisine.
Problems and organic solution: Aphids, whiteflies, and downy mildew; use insecticidal soap and ensure good air circulation.
Special features: Large, flavorful leaves, ideal for pesto.
Final takeaway!
Exploring the varieties of basil reveals a world of flavors and aromas that can enhance any dish or garden. Each type offers unique qualities, making basil an indispensable herb for culinary and horticultural enthusiasts alike. Embrace the diversity and enjoy the many benefits of this versatile plant.
I’ve addressed all your concerns about varieties of basil. If you’re curious about other cool farming methods or the best veggies and herbs for your home garden, check out my other articles in the related post section below or the recent post section at the top-right.
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Misty S is the founder and lead writer at GrowOrganicGreens.com, a comprehensive gardening resource dedicated to helping people cultivate beautiful and sustainable gardens. She has a Master’s degree in Economics and specialized studies in agricultural economics, horticulture, and soil science. Drawing from her extensive knowledge and experience, Misty shares practical gardening tips on soil preparation, organic manure composting, fertilizers, plant care, and indoor gardening, making her advice accessible and helpful to gardeners of all levels.
Despite having an high-demanding 9-5 job, Misty dedicates her personal time to researching and exploring various gardening topics. Her keen interest in gardening has grown into a passion, driving her to help new gardeners and anyone interested in starting their gardening journey.
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